Which is the farthest star in the universe? Sometimes astronomers get lucky. Recently astronomers have detected a star names Earendel, whose light started its journey 12.9 billion years ago!! This is on top of recent discoveries about the farthest galaxies ever discovered, only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring how astronomers detected this star and whether it will be a science target for James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in this Urdu/Hindi science documentary. References: Welch et al, 2022, A highly magnified star at redshift 6.2 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04449-y Harikane et al, 2022, A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z ∼ 12 − 16 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.09141.pdf Other Gup Shup Videos mentioned in the episode: Fascinating Gravitational Lenses: https://youtu.be/S6xQZ5PaXhE The Amazing James Webb Space Telescope: https://youtu.be/YN9dpb7a17M What is the Evidence for Big Bang? https://youtu.be/DNj1MQnDBIA For more information about Kainaat Videos: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/​​ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Host/writer: Salman Hameed Editor: Shehryar Shaikh "Kainaat" theme music: Umer Piracha Subtitles: DigiCircle Images: NASA/STScI, Chandra Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, ESO, Wikipedia Support Provided by: AIIR Foundation PixelEdge

There is a fantastic new mission to Trojan asteroids near Jupiter. It is called Lucy, named after the famous 3.2 million year old skeleton that has helped us understand human evolution. In the same way, Trojan asteroids may tell us about the origins of our Solar System. There have been other missions that have explored asteroids in the asteroid belt, near-Earth-orbits (NEO), and even in the Kuiper Belt. But this is the first one to the Trojan asteroids. These are rocks that are trapped in the Lagrange points (L4 and L5) of Jupiter. Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring this mission and about the Lagrange points in this Urdu/Hindi science documentary. For more information about Kainaat Videos: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/​​ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair and Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Host/writer: Salman Hameed Editor: Shehryar Shaikh Music: Umer Piracha Subtitles: DigiCircle Images: NASA, ESA, JAXA and Wikipedia Support Provided by: AIIR Foundation PixelEdge

What happens on the International Space Station (ISS) when a war breaks out on Earth? This is not just a scenario from science fiction film. Rather, this is happening right now. As Russia's war in Ukraine continues, there are two NASA astronauts, one German astronaut, and four Russian cosmonauts currently residing at the International Space Station. The station itself is a legacy of an unusual peace gesture in space in 1975 between the US and the then Soviet Union in Apollo-Soyuz mission. Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring questions of war and peace in space in this Urdu/Hindi science documentary. Carl Sagan's Pale Blue Dot links: Original in English: https://youtu.be/GO5FwsblpT8 In Urdu, read by Zaheer Kidvai: https://youtu.be/QHxsehYnT28 In Urdu, read by Muhammad Shahzaib Siddiqui: https://youtu.be/l9tiAL9YXbE For more information about Kainaat Videos: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/​​ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Host/writer: Salman Hameed Editor: Shehryar Shaikh Music: Umer Piracha Subtitles: DigiCircle Images: NASA, ESA, and Wikipedia Support Provided by: AIIR Foundation PixelEdge

If you want to bet on the next big supernova, then I would suggest that name of Eta Carinae. It is one of the most massive stars in the Milky Way and had an enormous eruption in 1843. But now, a combination of images from the Hubble Space Telescope, Chandra, and Spitzer, we have an insight into what is happening with this star. Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring one of the most interesting stars in the galaxy in this Urdu/Hindi science documentary. References: https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-observatories-take-an-unprecedented-look-into-superstar-eta-carinae https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/videos/2022/004/01FSSJ7D1CFVCT5C9H4N7SW1BA For more information about Kainaat Videos: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/​​ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Host/writer: Salman Hameed Editor: Shehryar Shaikh Music: Umer Piracha Subtitles: DigiCircle Images: NASA/STScI, Chandra Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, ESO, Wikipedia Support Provided by: AIIR Foundation PixelEdge

There is growing evidence to suggest that Columbus was not the first European to cross the Atlantic ocean to get to North America. It seems that the Vikings had a settlement in what is now Canada around the year 1000. But when exactly? Now a solar storm can pinpoint the date when at least one Viking cut a tree there in 1021CE. Please join astrophysicist in exploring the way scientists figured out this date in this Urdu/Hindi science video/documentary. Reference papers: Kuitems, M. et al. 2022, Evidence for European presence in the Americas in AD 1021. Nature 601, 388–391 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03972-8 Margot Kuitems et al. 2020, Radiocarbon-based approach capable of subannual precision resolves the origins of the site of Por-Bajin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jun 2020, 117 (25) 14038-14041; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921301117 Mekhaldi, F., et al. 2015, Multiradionuclide evidence for the solar origin of the cosmic-ray events of AD 774/5 and 993/4. Nat Commun 6, 8611 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9611 Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios For more information about Kainaati Gup Shup: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/​​ Credits: Host/writer: Salman Hameed Editor: Shehryar Shaikh Music: Umer Piracha Subtitles: DigiCircle Images: NASA; Wikipedia Support Provided by: AIIR Foundation PixelEdge

How come there is an ocean on Jupiter's moon, Europa? Jupiter after all is five times further away than the Earth is from the Sun. It is not even close to the Habitable Zone. And yet, there is liquid water ocean there. In fact, the four large moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) are all fascinating places. Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring the reasons why there is a liquid water ocean on Europa in this Urdu/Hindi science video. #science #documentary #Urdu #Hindi #astronomy #Europa For more information: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/​​ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Host/writer: Salman Hameed Editor: Shehryar Shaikh Music: Umer Piracha Subtitles: DigiCircle Images: NASA Support Provided by: AIIR Foundation PixelEdge