We are excited about landings on Mars. But in 2005, a spacecraft landed on the largest moon of Saturn, Titan. It revealed a a strange world where there are liquid methane rivers and lakes, and the mountains are made up of solid ice! Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in this Urdu/Hindi documentary about one of the strangest places in our solar system. For more information: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/​​ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Music: Umer Piracha Visuals/images: NASA/JPL and ESA

Mars is in the news these days. The landing of Perseverance was inspirational. But can humans ever establish a permanent settlement on Mars (or Marreekh)? What will it take and what are some of the key challenges? Let us put aside ethical questions for a moment and ask: Can we terraform the Red Planet to allow humans to comfortably live there? Or perhaps we should transform humans with gene editing technology (like CRISPR) to make them more suitable for Mars? Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring these fascinating questions in this Urdu documentary (and Hindi documentary . Kainaati Samosa video on NASA rover Perseverance and Jazero crater here: https://youtu.be/7wrf3clsWzw​ Kainaati Samosa on the UAE and Chinese Mars missions here: https://youtu.be/hnh6hZ_1Bf4 For more information: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios (https://www.kainaatstudios.com/​). Kainaati Gup Shup videos are produced by Kainaat Studios in collaboration with Hampshire College. Credits: Music: Umer Piracha Visuals: NASA

In 1974, humans sent a message to stars in a globular cluster, M13. But what are globular clusters? What can they tell us about the life and death of stars? What kind of images has NASA's Hubble Space Telescope taken of these objects? Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring the nature of globular clusters and their importance in this astronomy documentary in Urdu (and Hindi). You can find more information about space and astronomy (falakiyat) in Urdu and Hindi in this channel. For more information: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios (https://www.kainaatstudios.com/). Kainaati Gup Shup videos are produced by Kainaat Studios in collaboration with Hampshire College. Credits: Music: Umer Piracha Visuals: NASA; Hubble Space Telescope/STScI (www.nasa.com/hubble); European Space Agency (ESA) HR diagram visualization: Jay Anderson, Roeland van der Marel, Greg Bacon {STSCI)

Can you believe that clusters of galaxies can bend light and act as giant telescopes? This is the incredible phenomenon of "gravitational lensing". This is also one of the most stunning confirmations of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring the incredible science behind gravitational lensing and look at some spectacular pictures from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). For more information: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios (https://www.kainaatstudios.com/). Kainaati Gup Shup videos are produced by Kainaat Studios in collaboration with Hampshire College. Credits: Music: Umer Piracha Visuals: NASA; Hubble Space Telescope/STScI (www.nasa.com/hubble)

We are quite familiar with the Moon in everyday life. But its formation has been shrouded in mystery. It now seems that our Moon is the result of a collision between Earth and a Mars sized object nicknamed Theia. How do we know this? What are some of the other theories of the formation of our Moon? Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring our Moon's origins in this episode of Kainaati Gup Shup. Salman Hameed is Charles Taylor Chair and associate professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. He is also a faculty member at the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD), and is the Founder/President of non-profit, Kainaat Studios (https://www.kainaatstudios.com/). Credits: Music: Umer Piracha Simulation of Theia's collision with Earth: Excerpt from Birth of Planet Earth. Credit: Robin Canup, Southwest Research Institute. Visualization by Advanced Visualization Lab, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, U. of Illinois. http://www.ncsa.illinois.edu/enabling/vis/cadens/documentary/birth_of_planet_earth https://mediaspace.illinois.edu/media/t/1_f9bmmfsu Illustrations: Before the Impact: Used with permission from Ron Miller/Black Cat Studios Collision of Theia with Earth: Used with permission from Ron Miller/Black Cat Studios Primordial Earth: Royalty Free, Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library All other images, courtesy of NASA. Host, writer, editor: Salman Hameed Camera, lighting, producer: John Bruner, Hampshire College, MA Kainaat Studios: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Please support us at Patreon or Paypal: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/donate

Dark Energy is one of the biggest mysteries of astronomy. Why do astronomers believe that most of the universe is made up of this dark energy? How did they discover that? Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in exploring the nature of Dark Energy.