Kainaati Gup Shup in Urdu with Salman Hameed

How did our solar system form? How can we possibly learn about something that happened 4.5 billion years ago? In this episode of Kainaati Gup Shup, astrophysicist Salman Hameed looks at some cutting edge results about protoplanets to see how we trace the formation of our own solar system. 00:00 Introduction to our Solar System 00:47 How do we trace the origin of our Solar System? 02:54 How do we experience time as humans? 04:21 Formation of our solar system by Laplace 05:51 Experiencing time backwards; to understand the origins of our solar system 07:15 First exoplanet discoveries, and how we confirmed in 1995 08:20 Nebular hypothesis & discoveries of protoplanetary disks 13:18 Asteroids: Giving us the information about how our solar system forms 14:49 HOPS-315; Observations with ALMA and JWST 17:31 WISPIT-2 Star's Disk images, with WISPIT 2b Exoplanet formation 21:11 Outro to the origins of life, and how we can understand our own solar system formation? #solarsystem #historyofscience #historydocumentary #Astronomy #nasa #jpl #esa #eso #space #KainaatiGupShup #ScienceExplained #SouthAsia #UrduScience #PhilosophyOfScience #SpaceEducation #ScientificMethod #astronomyadventures #sciencequestions #universe #almastelescope #jameswebbspacetelescope #hubblespacetelescope #documentary #spaceexploration #telescope 📚 References & Background WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2 Richelle F. van Capelleveen et al 2025 ApJL 990 L8 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/adf721#apjladf721f1 Refractory solid condensation detected in an embedded protoplanetary disk McClure, M.K., van’t Hoff, M., Francis, L. et al. R, Nature 643, 649–653 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09163-z 📺 Subscribe to Our Channels: 👉 Kids English Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCdIRtt8-Og1q99bkK5XBhoQ 👉 Kids Urdu Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@KainaatKids 👉 English Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCRxSEYAVlO5nG6V-mH5s0YQ 🌐 More About Kainaat Studios: Website: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Newsletter (exclusive content + announcements): https://www.kainaatstudios.com/newsletter Follow us for more space adventures: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/kainaatstudios Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/KainaatStudios Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kainaatstudios/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@kainaatstudios LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/kainaat 👨‍🚀 About Salman Hameed Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair and Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios 🎬 Credits Written & Hosted by: Salman Hameed Edited by: Shehryar Shaikh Music: “Kainaat” by Umer Piracha Subtitles by: DigiCircle (digicircle.io) Images: NASA, Wikipedia, ESO, ESA, National Science Foundation and The Internet Archive 🌟 Support Our Work Galactic Orbiters (Founding Supporters): Iqbal Family Foundation, Getz Pharma, Qazi Family Foundation, PixelEdge and Ali Institute of Innovation and Research (AIIR) Stellar Orbiters: Omar Vandal, Aimen Khan, Slavena Emilova Molle and Abid & Farah Donation Fund Space Orbiters: Dr. Abdul Nadir, Dr. Asad Ansari, Dr. Salman Mallick, Dr. Tariq Hameed, Asif Alam, Zubair Faiz, Dr. Kamran Manzoor, Dr. Arsalan Malik, Junaid Qurashi, Adnan Siddiqui and Kashif Saeed 🙏 A huge thank you to all our monthly donors! Support us here: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/donate

00:00 Introduction 01:04 History of Science's Context 02:32 Questions about Galileo's Trial: A Story of "Science & Religion" 03:27 Who was Galileo in Astronomy? 06:26 How did Galileo get convinced that the Earth goes around the Sun? 14:44 The Trial of Galileo in the Vatican 23:51 Science & Religion 27:04 Where is the "Missing Finger" of Galileo? 28:58 Where is Galileo buried? 29:41 Church's Instrumentalism: Is it a reality? Was Galileo actually right? 🔭🌍 His name is forever tied to astronomy, and to one of history’s biggest debates between science and religion. But what did Galileo really believe? And what kind of evidence did he have when he argued that Earth moves around the Sun? ☀️⚖️ In this thought-provoking episode of Kainaati Gup Shup, astrophysicist Salman Hameed explores the real story behind Galileo’s ideas, the scientific evidence available in the 1600s, and what his famous trial was actually about. This conversation highlights how messy, complex, and fascinating the history of science can be, far beyond the simplified myths we often hear. 📚✨ Why do Galileo’s debates still matter today? And what can they teach us about scientific integrity, evidence, authority, and the relationship between science and society—especially in the South Asian context? 🌙🔬 #Galileo #HistoryOfScience #Astronomy #ScienceAndReligion #KainaatiGupShup #ScienceExplained #SouthAsia #UrduScience #PhilosophyOfScience #SpaceEducation #ScientificMethod #astronomyadventures #sciencequestions #universe #historydocumentary #documentary #spaceexploration #jupiter #venus #moon #telescope #catholicchurch #thepope #sciencevsreligion For more information about Galileo, please check out The Galileo Project at Rice University: https://galileo.library.rice.edu/ 📚 References & Background - Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems — Galileo Galilei: https://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/galileo/dialogue.html - Sidereus Nuncius (Starry Messenger), 1610: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/46036/46036-h/46036-h.htm - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Galileo studies: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/galileo - History of Science resources from Harvard: https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/resources 📺 Subscribe to Our Channels: 👉 Kids English Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCdIRtt8-Og1q99bkK5XBhoQ 👉 Kids Urdu Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@KainaatKids 👉 English Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCRxSEYAVlO5nG6V-mH5s0YQ 🌐 More About Kainaat Studios: Website: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Newsletter (exclusive content + announcements): https://www.kainaatstudios.com/newsletter Follow us for more space adventures: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/kainaatstudios Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/KainaatStudios Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kainaatstudios/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@kainaatstudios LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/kainaat 👨‍🚀 About Salman Hameed Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair and Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios 🎬 Credits Written & Hosted by: Salman Hameed Edited by: Shehryar Shaikh Music: “Kainaat” by Umer Piracha Subtitles by: DigiCircle (digicircle.io) Images: NASA, Wikipedia, ESO, ESA, National Geographic, Christie's, Sotheby's and The Internet Archive 🌟 Support Our Work Galactic Orbiters (Founding Supporters): Iqbal Family Foundation, Getz Pharma, Qazi Family Foundation, PixelEdge and Ali Institute of Innovation and Research (AIIR) Stellar Orbiters: Omar Vandal, Aimen Khan, Slavena Emilova Molle and Abid & Farah Donation Fund Space Orbiters: Dr. Abdul Nadir, Dr. Asad Ansari, Dr. Salman Mallick, Dr. Tariq Hameed, Asif Alam, Zubair Faiz, Dr. Kamran Manzoor, Dr. Arsalan Malik, Junaid Qurashi, Adnan Siddiqui and Kashif Saeed 🙏 A huge thank you to all our monthly donors! Support us here: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/donate

Do we finally have evidence of life on Mars? 🚀🔴 This remains one of the most exciting scientific questions of our time! Thanks to NASA’s Perseverance Rover, we may now be closer than ever to an answer. A rock sample nicknamed Cheyvaya Falls from Jezero Crater shows signs that microbial life could have thrived there billions of years ago. 🌍🦠 In this episode of Kainaati Gup Shup, astrophysicist Salman Hameed (Professor of Astronomy, Hampshire College, USA) unpacks the stunning new findings, explains the right vs. wrong ways of doing science, and also dives into the bold (and controversial) claims by Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb about a comet possibly carrying alien life! 🌌💫 Could Mars really have hosted life? And how do we separate good science from bad science when the stakes are this high? References: Hurowitz, J.A., Tice, M.M., Allwood, A.C. et al. Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, Mars. Nature 645, 332–340 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09413-0 NASA Perseverance Rover Mission https://science.nasa.gov/mission/mars-2020-perseverance/ Avi Loeb’s Comet Claims (Harvard Astronomy) https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/sep/11/interstellar-comet-nasa-alien-made #mars #marsexploration #marsmission #comet #asteroid #scienceexplained #astronomy #sciencebreakthrough #alienlife #astronomyadventures #podcast #podcastclips #sciencefacts #nature #space #spaceexploration #perseverance 📺 Subscribe to Our Channels: 👉 Kids English Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCdIRtt8-Og1q99bkK5XBhoQ 👉 Kids Urdu Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@KainaatKids 👉 English Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCRxSEYAVlO5nG6V-mH5s0YQ 🌐 More About Kainaat Studios: Website: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Newsletter (exclusive content + announcements): https://www.kainaatstudios.com/newsletter Follow us for more space adventures: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/kainaatstudios Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/KainaatStudios Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kainaatstudios/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@kainaatstudios LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/kainaat 👨‍🚀 About Salman Hameed Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair and Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios 🎬 Credits Written & Hosted by: Salman Hameed Edited by: Shehryar Shaikh Music: “Kainaat” by Umer Piracha Subtitles by: DigiCircle (digicircle.io) Images: NASA, Wikipedia, ESO, ESA, Nature, JPL, CNSA & National Geographic 🌟 Support Our Work Galactic Orbiters (Founding Supporters): Iqbal Family Foundation, Getz Pharma, Qazi Family Foundation and PixelEdge Stellar Orbiters: AIIR Foundation, Ashraf Qazi, Aimen Khan, Slavena Emilova Molle and Abid & Farah Donation Fund Space Orbiters: Dr. Abdul Nadir, Dr. Asad Ansari, Dr. Salman Mallick, Dr. Tariq Hameed, Asif Alam, Zubair Faiz, Dr. Kamran Manzoor, Dr. Arsalan Malik, Junaid Qurashi, Adnan Siddiqui and Kashif Saeed 🙏 A huge thank you to all our monthly donors! Support us here: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/donate

How did life begin on Earth? 🌱 This remains one of the biggest scientific mysteries! But thanks to NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission, we’re now closer to finding answers. Scientists analyzing samples from asteroid Bennu have discovered amino acids and key organic molecules—the essential ingredients for life, including components of DNA and RNA! 🧬 In this episode of Kainaati Gup Shup, astrophysicist Salman Hameed breaks down the incredible findings from asteroid Bennu and what they mean for our understanding of life’s origins. Could the seeds of life have arrived from space? 🌌💫 References: McCoy et al 2025, An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in Bennu samples, Nature volume 637, pages1072–1077 (2025) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08495-6 Glavin et al 2025, Abundant ammonia and nitrogen-rich soluble organic matter in samples from asteroid (101955) Bennu Nature Astronomy volume 9, pages199–210 (2025) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02472-9 #bennu #asteroid #scienceexplained #astronomy #sciencebreakthrough #osirisrex #nasa #jaxa #hayabusa #ryugu #spaceexploration #milkyway #alienlife #mars #marsexploration #marsmission #spacex #podcast #astronomyadventures Subscribe to our NEW Kids English Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@UCdIRtt8-Og1q99bkK5XBhoQ Subscribe to our Kids Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@KainaatKids Subscribe to our English Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@kainaatastronomyinenglish For more information about Kainaat Studios: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Sign up to our mailing list to get unseen content and hear special announcements! https://www.kainaatstudios.com/newsletter Follow us for more: Facebook https://www.facebook.com/kainaatstudios Twitter https://twitter.com/KainaatStudios Instagram https://www.instagram.com/kainaatstudios/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@kainaatstudios LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/kainaat Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair and Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Written & Hosted by: Salman Hameed Edited by: Shehryar Shaikh Music: “Kainaat” by Umer Piracha Subtitles by: DigiCircle (digicircle.io) Images: NASA, Wikipedia, NASA Goddard, ESA, JAXA, Nature, JPL & National Geographic Galactic Orbiters (Founding Supporters): Sahr Foundation, Dr. Zafar Iqbal & Dr. Mehr Iqbal, Qazi Family Foundation and PixelEdge Stellar Orbiters: AIIR Foundation, Ashraf Qazi, Aimen Khan, Slavena Emilova Molle and Abid & Farah Donation Fund Space Orbiters: Dr. Abdul Nadir, Dr. Asad Ansari, Dr. Salman Mallick, Dr. Tariq Hameed, Asif Alam, Zubair Faiz, Dr. Kamran Manzoor, Dr. Arsalan Malik, Junaid Qurashi, Adnan Siddiqui and Kashif Saeed Thank you to all our other monthly donors as well! If you wish to donate, please visit: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/donate Chapters: 00:00 - Intro 00:40 - Asteroids 02:29 - Signs of life 05:30 - Osiris Rex Mission 11:16 - Bennu Sample findings 16:12 - Minerals and more 20:45 - Brine in other asteroids 21:45 - Conclusion

Thirty years ago, astronomers made history by discovering the first exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star. Now, we've confirmed over 5,000 exoplanets—some Earth-like, others completely alien! 🌌 But how do scientists detect these distant worlds? And what can they tell us about the possibility of life beyond Earth? 👽🌍 In this episode of Kainaati Gup Shup, astrophysicist Salman Hameed breaks down the fascinating techniques used to discover exoplanets, from transit observations to Doppler shifts. 🚀✨ #jameswebbspacetelescope #nasa #scienceexplained #exoplanets #scienceexplained #astronomy #kainaatigupshup #astronomyadventures #universe #esa #hubblespacetelescope #kepler #edutainment #solarsystem Subscribe to our NEW Kids English Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@UCdIRtt8-Og1q99bkK5XBhoQ Subscribe to our Kids Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@KainaatKids Subscribe to our English Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@kainaatastronomyinenglish For more information about Kainaat Studios: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Sign up to our mailing list to get unseen content and hear special announcements! https://www.kainaatstudios.com/newsletter Follow us for more: Facebook https://www.facebook.com/kainaatstudios Twitter https://twitter.com/KainaatStudios Instagram https://www.instagram.com/kainaatstudios/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@kainaatstudios LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/kainaat Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair and Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Written & Hosted by: Salman Hameed Edited by: Shehryar Shaikh Music: “Kainaat” by Umer Piracha Subtitles by: DigiCircle Images: NASA, Wikipedia, NASA Goddard, ESO, ESA, Hubble & JWST Galactic Orbiters (Founding Supporters): Sahr Foundation, Dr. Zafar Iqbal & Dr. Mehr Iqbal, Qazi Family Foundation and PixelEdge Stellar Orbiters: AIIR Foundation, Ashraf Qazi, Aimen Khan, Slavena Emilova Molle and Abid & Farah Donation Fund Space Orbiters: Dr. Abdul Nadir, Dr. Asad Ansari, Dr. Salman Mallick, Dr. Tariq Hameed, Asif Alam, Zubair Faiz, Dr. Kamran Manzoor, Dr. Arsalan Malik, Junaid Qurashi, Adnan Siddiqui and Kashif Saeed Thank you to all our other monthly donors as well! If you wish to donate, please visit: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/donate Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 00:55 - Curiosity for search of planets 03:00 - Voayager and New Horizon 04:04 - What are Exoplanets 06:30 - Difficulties finding exoplanets O8:00 - How to find exoplanets 09:25 - Doppler shift 10:16 - 51 Pegasi 16:33- Wobble and Transit method 20:42 - Eclipsing method 24:44 - Direct Imaging 25:53 - Microlensing 26:58 - Types of Exoplanets discovered 30:40 - WASP 127b 31:40 - Conclusion

The universe is unimaginably vast, and a new discovery highlights its immense scale: black hole jets stretching an incredible 23 million light-years across—making them the largest astronomical structure ever observed. For perspective, that’s over 100 Milky Way galaxies laid end-to-end! But how can we, as tiny beings on a small planet orbiting a modest star, comprehend such colossal scales? In this episode of Kainaat Gup Shup, astrophysicist Salman Hameed explores this awe-inspiring discovery and reflects on how humanity makes sense of the universe’s grandeur through the stories we tell. #jameswebbspacetelescope #nasa #scienceexplained #blackholetheory #scienceexplained #astronomy #kainaatigupshup #astronomyadventures #universe Subscribe to our NEW Kids English Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@UCdIRtt8-Og1q99bkK5XBhoQ Subscribe to our Kids Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@KainaatKids Subscribe to our English Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@kainaatastronomyinenglish For more information about Kainaat Studios: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/ Sign up to our mailing list to get unseen content and hear special announcements! https://www.kainaatstudios.com/newsletter Follow us for more: Facebook https://www.facebook.com/kainaatstudios Twitter https://twitter.com/KainaatStudios Instagram https://www.instagram.com/kainaatstudios/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@kainaatstudios LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/kainaat Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair and Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios Credits: Written & Hosted by: Salman Hameed Edited by: Shehryar Shaikh Music: “Kainaat” by Umer Piracha Subtitles by: DigiCircle Images: NASA, Wikipedia, NASA Goddard, Nature, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, New York Times, ESA, Hubble Caltech Astro & JWST Galactic Orbiters (Founding Supporters): Sahr Foundation, Dr. Zafar Iqbal & Dr. Mehr Iqbal, Qazi Family Foundation and PixelEdge Stellar Orbiters: AIIR Foundation, Ashraf Qazi, Aimen Khan, Slavena Emilova Molle and Abid & Farah Donation Fund Space Orbiters: Dr. Abdul Nadir, Dr. Asad Ansari, Dr. Salman Mallick, Dr. Tariq Hameed, Asif Alam, Zubair Faiz, Dr. Kamran Manzoor, Dr. Arsalan Malik, Junaid Qurashi, Adnan Siddiqui and Kashif Saeed Thank you to all our other monthly donors as well! If you wish to donate, please visit: https://www.kainaatstudios.com/donate Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 01:07 - Nature Magazine Cover 02:54 - Supermassive blackhole Jet 08:30 - Distance in Lightyears 09:54 - Novas' in the Path 11:00 - Scale - Distance and time 17:20 - We are made up of Starstuff 19:42 - Conclusion